Cable-code system.



a. H. KBBHN. I CABLE CODE SYBTBM. APPLICATION FILED PCT. 19, 1908.

nil l Lina 6% 7 'letters I .BA BE 3] .30 5/! CE CI 0 J 0 .Bd'limarc u A E I, 0 U

7?. 5K 6K 7K 92 Numerzeal Pontwn Check Syl labia BC FGH KL MMPQRST vwxY etc, to Z,

f 'w' letters BE .Boxe;

'- Fat 107 FnBrnnns, 307/5211 F lla liin van der .Bor 71 79 a? 79 9? 7 3140014 606 g w Q/Zffk/(K/Z 14 6/04 4/ j fitter/neg.-

c. H: KEEHN.

CABLE CODE SYSTEM.

APPLIOATIOR FILED car. 10, 1908.

970,71 6, Patented Sept. 20, 1910.

a BHEETB-SHEET 4.

I 12 .5. Uoble Table Indicator.

7 I'i lefllra indi- 5""80 4 luars 5 & 6 Zitara 7fi8 letters cube sum 0 numbers mac ditto ditto of tables used from fram from from Group A Grou afi. Group G". 'Grauf .27

A 7 B 7 G 1 D 1 A a B 2 G 2 D x A 4 5 0 4 17 A 8 .B 8 6' 8 D 8 252 g 5: s2: g 4 13 64 C 61 :0 64

AB 0 AV 76 0 5?. 1L #8 06 64 us so UV 9!: Y rm AC 1 AW 77 ER IM #9 0H 65 UC 87 UYY 97 Y 175 AD 2 AX 18 E5 5! IN '01 66 UD 82 UX 98 Y5 774 AF 5 AZ 17 ET 5.) IP 61 OK 67 yr as 412 99 YT 175 A6 I EB 20 EV 56 I0 5K OL 66 U6 8'! YB 100 YV 776 AH .5 EC 21 EW 57 IR 55 0M 69 UH Yd 107 Yb 11? M 6 ED' 23 EX 58 IS 54 ON 70 w 86 m 102 YX #8 AK 7 EH25 2 59 IT 55 0F 77' UK 87 YF 105 YZ 7/? AL 8 E6 24 IB /0 IV 56 0 7R uL 88 Yd 104 PF 7K0 AM 9 EH 25 1c /1 IYY 57 0 um 89 Yu 105 PH 721 AN 70 EI 36 ID 42 IX 58 05 76 UN 90 YJ 706 PL 722 AP 11 EK 21 IF {/5 I1 69 OT 76' UP 91 YK 107 PK- 7.25 A0 1: EL as It; 4 0B 60 av 76 U6) 9% YL 108 P5 12 AR 16 EM K9 IH 75 0C b1 0!! 77 UR YM 109 PT no AS 1! EN 50 [J 16 0D 62 0X 78 US 94 IN 110 30 I26 -AT 15 EP 51 IK 47 0F 65 oz 19 uT 95 Y? 11! SH 127 9 8L70' 'lel1ers (meek 5 asin Numerical P06161101 MM: 7 I awuwwbo z tm zmm/zfwrg rut NORRIS PZTIRS ca, vusnmorolv. n. r:

G. H. KEEHN.

CABLE 001m SYSTEM.

APPLICATION nun 001x10. atented- Sept. '0 1910 c ontz'nued [mam ale (f Mcss age Hepared Under Code fntlllcaloh'fljjf OSL/GERSHAQ BOBADBUBQB AGBEBOIBBUB ACBAGBUBOC AGBEBICACL" CBEBI BAL'B fFADBOCHOQ IYIYYEXEMER.

OSUGERSHAQ Rsohres into ls xl s ma [/2 Gro up A GTOUP B Group Group .D

2 V 4 3/ lndicatiw g Tables Indicating Tables Indicatir pj Tabla A A A" B E B" a Indicatiro Tables Dx /DtDm a H 7Zlbles Used 7211110 14' Table A Table A Sales Today. Market Stock anf/aml--Packa es ThaukHu-n, Tenak J: B p n n I u Q I 1 I u i Ba packages Bac Improved Be 0/ Be 0] Bi Bad. .Dl/Zl .Bi 0K Bi 03 B0 Baj Affected b spzculalio B0 03 B0 03 etc. B159 5 Ba 0! B0 '09 etc. as i 4. mu B mm B" v 721m B Stock includes lad We rccomme'nol slzipments to -af 75ml import: at liarconsignment number Ports Quantitics. Spud..- erpoaZ/orlast week. Bab B0,..... Ba,-... 'Bclprcss Ba Bow 7 rB c Lwcr mol .Be Kfipl gs C' fr ght Be 5000 0733 Bad K 131'. Hull. .BL' 50- D a .Bi J/00 Baf .3 .30 Hamburg B0 75 B0 .5300 Big 4 etc. etc. etc. B0 .5300

etc.

' Table 6" customrfs lyame ship to Pqils of Lard Bab Delivery Ba Bale IK/lddsgg'o V Be 26 y Daily Weekly Bil-wally e/fie. g: etc. Thia ma .301) Egg BUS [00 etc wuc/Wfioz wuh'teooeo Max! 1110 Brae v Mama/WW mama Bad a I Qtformeqo Jul mum: FITIII 60., Wummnorl. n. :4

, c. H. KEEHN.

CABLE CODE SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION PILED OUT. 10, 1998.

Patented Sept. 20, 1910.

' e sums-81mm 6.

- concluded.

Table 6'. Table D 71ble 17* Danish Imports Marketfar-Dam'sh qudcd -,Draw' an -for Ba, B Ba... Ba Be /000 C lower Ac 25/ Be You my --@60%Lanalon3e M0 In //00 115 0; Ad 2.5/6 E7500 .3 00 F improved 0 B02000 BU [300 06c, G etc Ail 6 -eta. etc.

Fible 12 51,162 ,jailin s Mar/{ct In ub'rz'cs.

A.... 7 C Mnsmitll A1: J'Yill sailcallz f )Wlafisyaur dfn'nion g/ nccsfor C January D M'nDbw Ad 'f not x I "M! are prices/or ,D February F etc; Af WilLJail Cedric 0 etc. etc

T111101) Hams for Special Buyer.

Ski to Time Quantity Aw gga 13 ,4 .Bwc I/ffiddisonldb. Lincoln Be This week 1 c Ibx. Ac u/m Bad, etc Bi I/zxt week '1) K Ad /K//4 30 ch: F 3 etc. etc

TZzble 11 721m: 12. Supply Inyuirics v Pail Lard J'lored Liverfool selligg .Bw Bu. .Ba ,BG What-your o zinion e/ recci lts Be .Tan Be 25/ .B- In Feb Bi 26/5 130 etc .30 etc Be za/b etc.

q/vmeo a amvcml'oz O 5 w/11W .Clarenge H.Keehn.

UNITED srAras PATENT OFFICE.

CLARENCE I-I. KEEHN, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

CABLE-CODE SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, CLARENCE H. KnnIIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 'in Cable-Code Systems, of which the following is a specification.

At the present time cable and telegraph companies permit the transmission of code messages comprised of non-dictionary words not exceeding ten letters each if they are pronounceable in syllables in accordance with the usual rules of pronunciation of any of the principal modern langua 'es.

In sending code'messages, owever, some means need to be ordinarily provided for checking the accuracy of transmission of the message and that is ordinarily done by assigning to each of the various words a distingulshing numerical value which can be indicated as a total by a sentence, word or letter occupying a predetermined position either relative to words or relative to groups of wordsin'the message, or relative I to the entire message itself.

The object of my present invention is to provide an improved system of coding which can be readily applied in an almost unlimited number of forms to any desired business,

the arrangement being such that pronounceable words of tenletters may be formed of pronounceable syllables of one or more letters each, of which letters or sub-combination of letters maybe given an arbitrary meaning predetermined by a previously prepared code table and wherein the previously agreed-upon letter or letter group, (either the final letter group or letter of each word, or a letter or letter group occupying a predetermined osition in the complete message), shall be used as a check, each letter used in the system bein given preliminarily a definite numerical va ue, and the value of the checking letter or letter group being determined by a previously agreed-upon table.

In practice I find it desirable, in assigning the numerical values to the several letters used in the system, to assign the numerical value to the letters corresponding to their numerical position in the alphabet,

thus permitting easy memorization of the numerical values of the several letters. For

Serial No. 458,546.

the check table the vowels are preferably arranged in their usual alphabetical arrangement on one side of a checker board table and the consonants arranged on the adjacent side in the same order, as shown in Figure 1. As many codes as may be desired can be built up on this theory, each particular code sheet being designated by the first letter or syllable of the first word or by any other predetermined designating portion of the transmitted message.

Theaccompanying drawings illustrate my 1nvent1on.

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are different codes or code sheets; Fig. 4, a numerical or quantity code; Fig. 5 a code-sheet designating code, and Fig. 6 an example of the message prepared under the code indicator shown in Fig. 5, said figure also including extracts from the various tables used in the preparation of such message.

In order to illustrate the theory of my invention I give herewith a plurality of examples of different codes constructed in accordance with the theory thereof. In Fig. 1 I have illustrated the skeleton of a codesheet in which the first letter of the first word will always be a consonant thus indieating that the message is to be translated in accordance with the code of Fig. 1. This first letter will also be used as a part of the cially designed for transmission of messages relating to provisions and each word of ten letters is a complete sentence and check therefor. The first letter designates the buyers name and also designates the table from which the decoding is to be made. The second letter gives shipping directions, the third letter quantities, the fourth and fifth letters combined indicate articles, the sixth and seventh let-ters combined indicate price, the eighth letter indicates time of shipment, and the ninth and tenth letters give the check. It will be noticed that the arrangement of the various letters, as to vowels and consonants is such as to produce a pronounceable word, no matter what the combination may be. It is also to be understood that in the two-letter groups all of the consonants may be successively combined with all of the vowels. is possible, in a single word of ten letters, to

give a complete sentence and an accurate check for that sentence. Of course as many words of ten letters may be contained in a single message as may be desirable in order to give further complete directions in each word to the same addressee. For instance, a cablegram containing the tWo words Codbebicifi-Fefbucidvi would be decoded as follows I check number.

FIFEFBUCIDVI 22139456 0 o D B E B I e 315425293 43656 Upon receipt of this'message the addressee first makes sure of the check. In the first word the check letters are F I and referring to FI in the check table 43 is found as the Adding up the numerical positions of the first eight letters of the word it is found that the check is correct. The check syllable of the second word is VI and reference to the check tablegives VI a value of 56, while an addition of the numerical values of the first eight letters of the word confirms the check. the addressee would turn to the code sheets forming the Example 1 (the transmitted word beginning with a consonant) and would decode the first word as: lVill sell Fr. Brants 3d/s-1%, Cif. Antwerp via Baltimore, ten boxes short clear backs, salt, 17/18 lb. avg, Fr. 61 1.8, prompt. (The 61 francs being understood as the current denominate price and the will sell being also understood.) And would decode the second word as: lVill sell I-I. Collin van der Borght, 3d/s-1%, Cif. Antwerp via Red Star Line fifteen boxes short fat backs 8/10 lb. avg. Fr. 61 3.4 this month.

The addressee may use the same table in reply, the words Offer declined will buy beingunderstood, in place of Will sell which are understood when the addresser is cabling.

It will be readily understood that an almost unlimited number of different code sheets may be producedin accordance with the theory of my invention by Varying the "number of letters in each group and changmg the relation of the groups. For instance,

in Fig. 2, I have indicated a code sheet available for replies to inquiries as to when, where, and to whom certain deliveries can be made. In this form each word begins with AI as an indicator for the table to be used in decoding; the 3rd, 4th and 5th letters give the name of consignee or buyer; the 6th and 7th letters indicate the port; the

8th and 9th letters indicate time or manner of delivery, and the 10th letter is the check.

In this form the letters comprising the 1st to 9th letters inclusive of each word are (for checking purposes) given a numerical value corresponding to thelr positlon 1n the alphabet, as in the preceding illustration;

these values areadded together; the hundreds and tens discarded, and the units used Thereupon as a check in accordance with theone-letter check table.

In Fig. 3 I illustrate a code sheet for a twoword message, the first word containing the decoding-table indicator, and the second word containing, as its final syllable, (or two-letter combination) the check. form the message letters have a numerical value, as in the preceding examples and the check table shown in Fig. 1, the hundreds being discarded.

The same principle maybe readily .applied to a figure-value or quantity table, and in Fig. {L I have illustrated such a table having, in a word of ten letters, a capacity from 0 t0.99,999,999, and a check.

For example AB AB AB AG RA would be decoded by giving the first eight letters their numerical alphabetical values, adding, and comparing with the check value of the last two letters. If the check is correct, as shown above, comparisonof the first eight letters with the value table would give ()OOOOOOlorl.

Similarly A X U Z A N A D UQ would be decoded as follows. First adding the position values of the first eight letters we In this have, 1 (A), plus 24:, plus 21 (U), plus i the code covers a considerable range, to ar- 1 range the code in a plurality of sub-codes or code-sheets each sub-code or code-sheet having a peculiar designation diiferentiat ing it from other sub-codes or code-sheets, and it is therefore necessary to provide means to enable the receiver to be advised of the particular sub -codes or code sheets which may have been used by the sender in the production of any. particular message. I have therefore developed means by which, in a single word of ten letters, there maybe given a complete statement of all of the code sheets which may have been used in a particular message, indicating at the same time, in the same word, the order in which saidcode sheets are to be used in decoding the message and also giving a check which will check the accuracy of the table desigs nation. This portion of the code is completely given in Fig. 5 of thedrawings.

It will. be seen that the code-sheets are four groups each group comprising seven code-sheets or codetables. It will of course be understood that if a greater number of tables comprisesthe entire code then each .125 first supposed to have been grouped into.

a group will be augmented, the designating number of the augmenting sheets increasing in geometrical proportion. For instance 1n the table given the seven code sheets of group A are separately designated as A1,

tt xg 77. tr/X4 7, 1x877, A167,, A32 77 tx64: 77 and therefore additional sheets would be numbered A128 etc.

The first word of the eablegram will be the word used for designating the tables or code-sheets which were used by the sender in compiling the message. The first two letters of the first word indicate the particular tables of group A which have been used and their order of use. The third and fourth letters of the first word indicate the particular tables of group B and their order; the

fifth and sixth letters indicate the used tables of group C, and the seventh and eighth letters indicate the tables of group D. The

. A2which is a two-letter table ('5. 6. all code portions comprise only two letters) A8, a

three-letter code; A64 a four-letter code; B4, a three-letter code; B16, a five-letter code; B64, two-letters; C1, eight letters; C32, two letters; D1, three letters; D2, four letters; D4, three letters; D8, two letters; D16, four letters; D32, eight letters; D64, two letters. The first word of the cablegram will be made up in the following manner. A2 plus A8 plus A64 equals A74. 74 in the value table is OS and therefore OS will be the first two letters of the first word; B4 plus B16 plus B64 equals B84 and 84 is UG'; 01 plus C32 equals C33 and 33 is ER; D1 plus D2 plus D4 plus D8 plus D16 plus D32 plus D64 equals D127 and 127 is SH, so that the first eight letters of the first word of the message will be Osugersh. Referring then to the check table and the numerical position table, which are exactly like those already de scribed, we find the numerical positions of these first eight letters to be 0 S U G E R S H 15 19 21 7 5 18 19 8 and these numerical values added together equal 112. Discarding the figure in the hundreds column, as that may be understood, and referring to the check table we find 12 is AQ, (reading the vowel first) which will form the ninth and tenth letters of the first word of the eablegram so that the first word of the telegram will be Osugershaq In decoding the message the receiver (after checking the correctness of the word in the manner already described) takes the first two letters OS of the first word and finds OS to be 74. He will thereupon resolve 74 into its highest arithmetical components in geometrical progression, that is 74 minus showing that tables A2, A8 and A64 are to v be used in the order given. Table A2 to be used in decoding the first two letters of the message (of course following the first word) table A8 used in decoding the next three letters; table A64 to be used in decoding the next four letters. In the same manner the succeeding pairs of letters of the designating word will be resolved in the manner already described to indicate the particular portions of the groups to be used. In decoding the message no attention whatever is paid to word formation, the letters of the message being decoded in regular order in groups determined by the order of the tables, the word formation being purely arbitrary to comply with the rule of the cable companies requiring that arbitrary code words shall not exceed ten letters each.

In the example given at the begil'lning of Fig. 6 of the drawings I have indicated a messa e made up in accordance with the code indicator shown in Fig. 5 as already described. The first word of this message is Osugershaq as given above, and indicates the various tables which have been used and their order of use, as will appear. The next 5 words and the first six letters of the seventh word, to-wit: Bobaullmb'ub Agbebobbub Acbagbuboc Agbebicace Cbebibacbefadbo form the body of the message. The CH of the seventh word is understood to mean check, to-wit, the ending of the message and the beginning of the check so that the last two letters of the seventh word and the whole of the eighth word are used as checks in a manner to be described. The manner of resolving the first word into its components in order to determine the particular tables which were used to make up the message is clearly indicated in Fig. 6 it appearing, as already described, that tables A2, A8, A64, B4, B16. B64, 01, 032, D1, D2, D4, D8, D16, D32, and D64, were used.

Bearing in mind that the word division of the message is merely for the purpose of complying with the rules of the cable company and is to be ignored wholly in decoding, and bearing in mind that the tables are to be used in their regular order, the message will be decoded as follows:

Tables of A group.

Bo (A2)=Sales today 75 packages.

Bad (A8)=Market is dull.

Bubu (A64):Stock on hand 404 packages.

Tables of B group.

Bag (B4)=Stock includes last consign- .ment No. 4.

Bebob (B16)=VVe recommend shipment to Liverpool of 7!) packages by express.

' Bu (1364):1otal imports at Liverpool for last week 5300 packages.

Tables of 0 group.

Bacbagbu (C1):Ship to J. K. Addison & Co. Bixby weekly this month 100 pails of lard.

Bo (C32) :Danish imports 1200.

Tables of D group.

12/1 1 average.

B0 (D6a):Pail lard stored at Liverpool selling 25/6.

The check is ascertained in accordance with the word group towit, the individual letters of the words are given their numerical position value in accordance with the table of numerical positions found in Fig. 1. totals 72 and therefore the first check syllable following the OH is OQ, as determined by the check syllable table shown in Fig. 1. Correspondingly the checks are as follows: I

Agbebobbub:59:IY.

Acbagbuboc 57 Il V.

Agbebicace 88 EX.

Cbebibacb: 9:EM.

Efadbo 33 ER.

It will be understood that there have been omitted from Fig. 6 tables of each group which were not used in the particular message illustrated.

It will also be understood that if none of the tables of group A are to be used, then the first two letters of the indicator word would be, in accordance with the table forming part of Fig. 5, the letters AB. And these same letters would be used in their it would be apparent that none of the tables of any group were to be used. For instance if the first word should be Abavababe'q it would be apparent that none of the tables in groups A, C and D had been used and that, AV indicated the use of only table B16 while the EQ. gives the check of the indi cator word.

I claim as my invention:

1. A code system wherein letters or groups of letters of less than a permissible wordnumber, and capable of being added together into transmittable words, are given arbitrary meanings and checked by having The second word Bobadbubub each individual letter possess a predetermined check value which, combined can be mined check value which, combined can be indicated by one or more letters combinable with the checked letters.

3. A code system wherein the individual letters thereof are assigned identifying number values which can be accumulated:

and indicated as a total by a letter or letters having a predetermined value.

41-. A code comprised of a plurality of code sections divided into groups with the several members of each group separatelydesignated by numbers in geometricalprogression, an arithmetically progressive table comprlslng as many multi-letter mdlcators as the arithmetical sum of the designating numbers of the largest group, the sald multiletter indicators each comprising letters pronounceably combinable with any other multi-letter group whereby a word composed of a plurality of said multi-letter groups will serve to designate any possible selection of tables in the several groups.

5. A code comprised of a plurality of code sections divided into groups wlth the several members of each group separately designated by numbers, an arithmeticallyprogressive table comprising as many indicators as the arithmetlcal sum of the designating numbers of the largest group, the

said indicators each comprising members codically combmable with any other 1I1(1l cator whereby a transmittable indicator will serve to designate any possible selection of tables in the several groups.

6. A code comprised of a plurality of code sections divided into groups with the several* members of each group separately designated by numbers, in geometrical progression, an arlthmetlcally progressive table comprising as many indicators as the arithmetu al sum of the designating numbers of" the largest group, the said indicators each comprlsmg members codically combinable with any other lndlcator whereby a transmittable indicator will serve to designate any possible selection of tables in the several groups.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal at Indianapolls, Indiana,

this 9th day of October, A. D. one thousand,

nine hundred and eight.

CLARENCE H. KEEI-IN. [L.S.] Vitnesses:

ARTHUR M. H001), THOMAS W. MOMEANS. 

